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Q1. What is Down syndrome?
a. A genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21
b. A viral infection that affects the respiratory system
c. A type of cancer that affects the bones
d. A neurological disorder that affects cognitive development
Answer: a
Explanation: Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21.
Q2. What is the most common type of Down syndrome?
a. Trisomy 21
b. Mosaic Down syndrome
c. Translocation Down syndrome
d. All of the above are equally common
Answer: a
Explanation: Trisomy 21 is the most common type of Down syndrome, accounting for about 95% of cases.
Q3. At what age does a woman's risk of having a child with Down syndrome start to increase?
a. 20
b. 25
c. 30
d. 35
Answer: d
Explanation: A woman's risk of having a child with Down syndrome increases as she gets older, with the greatest risk occurring after age 35.
Q4. What are some common physical features of Down syndrome?
a. Small stature, almond-shaped eyes, and a single crease on the palm of the hand
b. Large stature, round eyes, and double creases on the palm of the hand
c. Medium stature, triangular eyes, and no creases on the palm of the hand
d. None of the above
Answer: a
Explanation: People with Down syndrome often have small stature, almond-shaped eyes, and a single crease on the palm of the hand.
Q5. What health problems are commonly associated with Down syndrome?
a. Heart defects, hearing loss, and vision problems
b. Diabetes, high blood pressure, and arthritis
c. Cancer, lung disease, and kidney failure
d. None of the above
Answer: a
Explanation: Heart defects, hearing loss, and vision problems are among the health problems commonly associated with Down syndrome.
Q6. Can Down syndrome be diagnosed before birth?
a. Yes, through prenatal testing
b. No, it can only be diagnosed after birth
c. Sometimes, but it depends on the specific type of Down syndrome
d. None of the above
Answer: a
Explanation: Down syndrome can be diagnosed before birth through prenatal testing, such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis.
Q7. What is the life expectancy of a person with Down syndrome?
a. 40-50 years
b. 50-60 years
c. 60-70 years
d. 70-80 years
Answer: b
Explanation: The life expectancy of a person with Down syndrome has increased significantly in recent decades and is now around 50-60 years.
Q8. What causes the intellectual disability associated with Down syndrome?
a. A lack of access to education and resources
b. Brain damage from birth complications
c. Genetic factors related to the extra chromosome 21
d. None of the above
Answer: c
Explanation: The intellectual disability associated with Down syndrome is caused by genetic factors related to the extra chromosome 21.
Q9. What is the best way to support a person with Down syndrome?
a. Treat them differently than you would treat anyone else
b. Focus on their strengths and abilities
c. Shield them from the challenges of the world
d. None of the above
Answer: b
Explanation: The best way to support a person with Down syndrome is to focus on their strengths and abilities, just as you would with anyone else.
Q10. How common is Down syndrome?
a. It affects 1 in 100 births
b. It affects 1 in 1,000 births
c. It affects 1 in 10,000 births
d. It affects 1 in 100,000 births
Answer: b
Explanation: Down syndrome affects approximately 1 in 1,000 births.
Q11. Can Down syndrome be inherited?
a. Yes, it is an inherited condition
b. No, it is not an inherited condition
c. It depends on the type of Down syndrome
d. None of the above
Answer: c
Explanation: In some cases, Down syndrome can be inherited if it is caused by a translocation of genetic material between chromosomes.
Q12. What is the difference between mosaic Down syndrome and non-mosaic Down syndrome?
a. Mosaic Down syndrome is less common than non-mosaic Down syndrome
b. Mosaic Down syndrome only affects females
c. Mosaic Down syndrome involves a mixture of cells with and without the extra chromosome 21
d. Non-mosaic Down syndrome is caused by a genetic mutation
Answer: c
Explanation: Mosaic Down syndrome involves a mixture of cells with and without the extra chromosome 21, whereas non-mosaic Down syndrome involves all cells having the extra chromosome 21.
Q13. Can prenatal testing determine the severity of Down syndrome?
a. Yes, prenatal testing can determine the severity of Down syndrome
b. No, prenatal testing cannot determine the severity of Down syndrome
c. It depends on the specific type of prenatal testing
d. None of the above
Answer: b
Explanation: Prenatal testing can determine whether a fetus has Down syndrome, but it cannot determine the severity of the condition.
Q14. What is the likelihood of having another child with Down syndrome if a couple has already had one child with the condition?
a. The likelihood is very low
b. The likelihood is about the same as for any other couple
c. The likelihood is significantly higher
d. The likelihood is unknown
Answer: c
Explanation: The likelihood of having another child with Down syndrome is significantly higher if a couple has already had one child with the condition.
Q15. What is the role of early intervention in supporting a child with Down syndrome?
a. Early intervention can prevent the development of Down syndrome
b. Early intervention can cure Down syndrome
c. Early intervention can help a child with Down syndrome reach their full potential
d. None of the above
Answer: c
Explanation: Early intervention can help a child with Down syndrome reach their full potential by providing support and resources to address developmental delays and other challenges.
Q16. Can people with Down syndrome live independently as adults?
a. Yes, most people with Down syndrome can live independently as adults
b. No, most people with Down syndrome require constant care and supervision
c. It depends on the individual's abilities and circumstances
d. None of the above
Answer: c
Explanation: The ability of people with Down syndrome to live independently as adults depends on their individual abilities and circumstances.
Q17. What is the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease among people with Down syndrome?
a. It is not higher than in the general population
b. It is slightly higher than in the general population
c. It is significantly higher than in the general population
d. It depends on the specific type of Down syndrome
Answer: c
Explanation: People with Down syndrome have a significantly higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease than the general population, with an estimated prevalence of up to 70%.
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